On this eve of Reformation Day, I turn to words from John Jewel's controversy with the Roman Catholic apologist Thomas Harding , in which Jewel challenges the denial of the Cup to the laity. As he does so, we see in Bishop Jewel's argument the power and significance of this key Reformation practice. Harding's case for denying the Cup to the laity fundamentally rested on his interpretation of the fact that only the apostles were present in the Upper Room for the Last Supper. Bread and Cup were only required for priests. A half-communion was appropriate for the laity, therefore, for they were absent from the Upper Room. No, proclaims Jewel. For the Lord's Supper is for all the Church, the whole Body of Christ. The Sacrament is to be common to all the people of God, clergy and laity. Christ's Blood was shed for all. Christ's Blood is spiritually partaken of by all in our salvation. The Cup is to be commonly administered to all: Herein standeth that mystical unity,...
'The Episcopal dignity': the Aberdeen Doctors, Bishop Forbes, and Scottish episcopal order under the Crown
Having warned how the death of Bishop Forbes was a moment of foreboding for the Church and Kingdom of Scotland, Alexander Scrogie, one of the Aberdeen Doctors, in his sermon marking Forbes' funeral, turned to happier times - Forbes' 1618 appointment as Bishop of Aberdeen. Scrogie notes that this episcopal appointment was not sought by Forbes: Thereafter, his calling to the Episcopall dignitie, was rare, and examplarie, without his knowledge, or seeking, directlie, or indirectlie, sine ambitu and vsurpation, hunting after places and preferment, as manie doe, thorow ambition, and loue of gayne and glorie, not awayting the LORD'S calling. What is most striking about this comment is the use of the term 'episcopal dignity' to refer to the office of bishop. To those in the Church of Scotland in 1635 opposed to episcopal order and ideologically committed to government by presbytery, the term would have been regarded as encapsulating the ministerial imparity and hierarchy ...