Skip to main content

Archbishop Laud or Mr. Keble?

Having reviewed how, in his The Teaching of the Anglican Divines in the Time of King James I and King Charles I on the Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist (1858), Henry Charles Groves - a clergyman of the Church of Ireland - demonstrated the 'Calvinist consensus' on the Eucharist in the early 17th century Church of England, we now turn to Groves' account of how Laud understood this consensus emerging from the Reformation of the Church of England:

But it is not Dr. Pusey alone who has thus departed from the mode of speaking used by our forefathers. We find the same thing in all the rest of his school. Mr. Keble, for example, wishing to make some point out of Bertram's [i.e. Ratramnus] book, is met by the troublesome fact that Bishop Ridley found that author so - Calvinistic, I suppose we are to call it - that he translated it. How is he to get over it? By a simple assertion: "Ridley, whose sentiments on Christ's Presence in the Eucharist are known to have differed materially from Calvin's." Known by whom? Certainly not by Laud. And yet he was a man versed in the writings of the Anglican divines who went before him ... we find that he shuns not to say that "Calvin comes no whit short of these [i.e. Ridley and Cranmer] against the calumny of Romanists on that behalf." In Laud's opinion, then, it was a Romanist calumny to say that there was material difference between Ridley and Calvin. The reader has his choice which of the two to believe, Archbishop Laud or Mr. Keble. I think, when he sees the way in which Mr. Keble deals with authorities, he will prefer crediting the Archbishop.

Groves provides the relevant extract from Laud's Conference with Fisher, in which Ridley is quoted to demonstrate how "the Learned Protestants in Queen Mary's days, did not deny, nay did maintain the Real presence":

Both you and I (saith he) agree in this: that in the Sacrament is the very true and natural Body and Blood of Christ, even that which was born of the Virgin Mary, which ascended into heaven, which sits on the right hand of God the Father, which shall come from thence to judge the quick and the dead. Onely we differ in modo, in the way and manner of being. We confess all one thing to be in the Sacrament, and dissent in the manner of being there. I confess Christ's natural Body to be in the Sacrament by spirit and grace, &c. You make a grosser kinde of being, inclosing a natural Body under the shape and form of Bread and Wine.

Laud  - as Groves notes - goes on to identify this understanding of the Sacrament with Calvin, against Zwingli. Laud, in other words, places the Eucharistic theology of the Reformed Church of England alongside that of Calvin's "most true and Real presence". Also significant is Laud's quoting of Bishop Ridley, sharply contrasting with the increasingly explicit Tractarian rejection of the Reformers. It is this which brings us to the choice set forth by Groves: Archbishop Laud or Mr. Keble? The former is faithful to "the mode of speaking used by our forefathers" regarding the holy Sacrament. The latter is not.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Why I support the ordination of women: a High Church reflection

A number of commenters on this blog have asked about my occasional expressions of support for the ordination of women to all three orders.  With some hesitation, I have decided to post a summary of my own views on this matter.  The hesitation is because I have sought on this blog to focus on issues and themes which can unify those who identify with or have respect (grudging or otherwise!) for what we might term 'classical' Anglicanism (the Anglicanism of the Formularies and - yes - of the Old High Church tradition).  Some oppose the ordination of women (and I have friends and colleagues who do so, Anglo-Catholic, High Church, and Reformed Evangelical).  Some of us support it (again, friends and colleagues covering a wide range of theological traditions). Below, I have organised my thinking around 5 points (needless to say, no reference to Dort is implied). 1. The Declaration for Subscription required of clergy in the Church of Ireland states: (6) I promise to submit ...

How the Old High tradition continued

Charles Gore's 1914 letter to the clergy of his diocese, ' The Basis of Anglican Fellowship ', can be regarded as a classical expression of the Prayer Book Catholic tradition.  A key part of the letter - entitled 'Romanizing in the Church of England' - addressed the "Catholic movement", questioning beliefs and practices within it which tended to "a position which makes it very difficult for its extremer representatives to give an intelligible reason why they are not Roman Catholics".  Gore provides the outlines of an alternative account and experience of catholicity within Anglicanism, defined by three characteristics.  What is particularly interesting about these characteristics is their continuity with the older High Church tradition.  Indeed, the central characteristic as set out by Gore was integral to High Church claims over centuries: To accept the Anglican position as valid, in any sense, is to appeal behind the Pope and the authority of t...

Pride, progressive sectarianism, and TEC on Facebook

Let me begin this post with an assumption that will be rejected by some readers of laudable Practice , but affirmed by other readers. Observing Pride is an understandable aspect of the public ministry of TEC.  On previous occasions , I have rather robustly called for TEC to be much more aware and respectful of the social conservatism of the Red states and regions in which it ministers. A failure to do so risks TEC declining yet further into the irrelevance of progressive sectarianism.  At the same time, TEC also obviously ministers in deep Blue states and metropolitan areas - and is the only Mainline Protestant tradition in which a majority of its members vote Democrat .* With Pride now an established civic commemoration, particularly in such contexts, there is a case for TEC affirming those aspects of Pride - the dignity of gay men and lesbian women, their contribution to civic life, and their place in the church's life - which cohere with a Christian moral vision. (I will n...